Level 8 - Mandarin Elementary - International House London
09th April – 14th May 2024
谚语
虎头蛇尾 Hǔ tóu shé wěi A fine start but a poor finish
Lesson 1
句式结构
In the classroom
问题： ＝ 1.这次考试她听董了吗？ = 2.她考试为什么没做完？ Wèntí: = 1.Zhè cì kǎoshì tā tīng dǒng le ma? = 2.Tā kǎoshì wèiishénme méi zuò wán? Question: = 1.Did she understand this exam? = 2.Why she didn't finish the exam?
昨天的考试怎么样？ 你都听董了吗？ Zuótiān de kǎoshì zěnme yàng? Nǐ dōu tīng dǒng le ma? How was the test yesterday? Did you understand everything you heard?
听董了。 Tīng dǒng le. Yes, I did.
你都做完了没有？ Nǐ dōu zuòwánle méi yǒu? Did you finish the test paper?
题太多，我没做完。 Tí tài duō, wǒ méi zuòwán. There were too many questions, I didn't finish all of them.
语法
Complements of result
Some verbs or adjectives can be used after a verb to add remarks about the result of an action. They are called complements of result.
比如 :
| Subject | Predicate | |
|---|---|---|
| V + Complement of result | object | |
| 我 | 看见 | 你的女朋友了。 |
| 我 | 听董 | 今天的汉语课了。 |
| 我 | 做好 | 饭了。 |
| 大卫 | 找到 | 工作了。 |
"没（有）" is added before the verb to form the negative form of a complement of result, in which case "了" cannot appear at the end of the sentence.
比如 :
| Subject | Predicate | |
|---|---|---|
| 没（有）+ V + Complement of result | object | |
| 我 | 没有看见 | 你的女朋友。 |
| 我 | 没听董 | 也说的话。 |
| 我 | 没做好 | （考试题）。 |
To form a question, "(了) 没有" is often added at the end of the sentence.
比如 :
| Subject | Predicate | |
|---|---|---|
| 没（有）+ V + Complement of result | object | |
| 你 | 看见 | 我的女朋友了没有？ |
| 你 | 听董 | 也说的话没有？ |
| 我 | （都）做好 | （考试题）了没有？ |
Lesson 2
主题
第十课别找了，手机在桌子上呢 Dì shí kè bié zhǎole, shǒujī zài zhuōzi shàng ne Lesson 10 Stop looking for your mobile; it's on the desk
词语
| 中文 | 拼音 | 英语 | 词类 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 帮助 | bāngzhù | to help/assist/aid | |
| 对 有帮助 | duì….yǒu bāngzhù | be … good/helpful for | |
| 药 | yào | medicine/drugs | |
| （以）后 | (yǐ)hòu | after | |
| 别 | bié | don't | |
| 电视 | diànshì | television | |
| 准备 | zhǔnbèi | prepare | |
| 课 | kè | class/lesson | |
| 过期 | guòqī | expired/overdue | |
| 好玩 | hǎowán | funny |
句子一
At home
问题：＝ 1.孩子们正在做什么？ = 2.妈妈为什么不让他们看电视了？ Wèntí: = 1.Háizimen zhèngzài zuò shénme? = 2.Māma wèishénme bù ràng tāmen kàn diànshì le? Question: = 1.What are the children doing? = 2.Why mom does not allow them watch TV?
不要看电视了，明天上午还有汉语课呢。 Bù yào kàn diànshìle, míngtiān shàngwǔ hái yǒu hànyǔ kè ne. Stop watching TV. You‘ll have a Chinese class tomorrow morning.
看电视对学汉语有帮助。 Kàn diànshì duì xuě hànyǔ yǒu bāngzhù. Watching TV is good for Chinese learning.
明天的课你都准备好了吗？ Míngtiān de kè nǐ dōu zhǔnbèi hǎo le ma? Are you well prepared for the lessons tomorrow?
都准备好了。 Dōu zhǔnbèi hǎo le. Yes, I am.
In the hospital
问题：＝ 吃药以后可以喝茶吗？ Wèntí: = Chī yào yǐhòu kěyǐ hē chá ma? Question: = Can drink tea after taking the medicine?
别看报纸了，医生说你要多休息。 Bié kàn bàozhǐle, yīshēng shuō nǐ yào duō xiūxī. Stop reading the newspaper. The doctor said you need more rest.
好，不看了。给我一杯茶吧。 Hǎo, bù kànle. Gěi wǒ yī bēi chá bā. OK. Give me a cup of tea.
医生说吃药后两个小时不要喝茶。 Yīshēng shuō chī yào hòu liǎng ge xiǎoshí bù yào hē chá. The doctor said you shouldn‘t drink tea during the first two hours after you've taken the medicine.
医生还说什么了？ Yīshēng hái shuō shénme le? What else did the doctor say?
医生让你听我的。 Yīshēng ràng nǐ tīng wǒ de. The doctor said you should listen to me.
语法
The Imperative Sentence "不要……了"
This sentence structure is used to dissuade or forbid somebody from doing something.
比如 :
| 不要 | Verb (+object) | 了。 |
|---|---|---|
| 不要 | 玩手机 | 了。 |
| 不要 | 做饭 | 了。 |
| 不要 | 看电视 | 了。 |
The preposition "对"
can indicate a subject-target relation between people or things.
比如 :
| Predicate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | 对 | object | Verb/Adj. |
| 跑步 | 对 | 身体 | 很好。 |
| 老师 | 对 | 学生 | 非常好。 |
| 看电视 | 对 | 学汉语 | 有帮助。 |
The Imperative Sentence "别……了"
This sentence structure is used to dissuade or forbid somebody from doing something.
比如 :
| 别 | Verb (+object) | 了。 |
|---|---|---|
| 别 | 睡觉 | 了。 |
| 别 | 看书 | 了。 |
| 别 | 看报纸 | 了。 |
Lesson 3
主题
第十课别找了，手机在桌子上呢（二） Dì shí kè bié zhǎole, shǒujī zài zhuōzi shàng ne (èr) Lesson 10 Stop looking for your mobile; it's on the desk (2)
词语
| 中文 | 拼音 | 英语 | 词类 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 回来 | huílái | come back | |
| （正）在 | (zhèng)zài | in the process | |
| 这么多 | zhème duō | so many/much | |
| 真不少！ | Zhēn bù shǎo! | That's a lot! | |
| 旁边 | pángbiān | beside, next to | |
| 外面/外边 | wàimiàn/wàibiān | outside | |
| 东西 | dōngxī | thing(s) | |
| 洗 | xǐ | to wash | |
| 真多阿！ | Zhēn duō a! | So many! | |
| 洗澡 | xǐ zǎo | to bath |
句子一
At home
问题： ＝ 他今天都买了什么东西？ 为什么要买这么多？ Wèntí: = Tā jīntiān dōu mǎile shēnme dōngxī? Wèishénme yāo mǎi zhème duō? Question: = Why did he buy so many things? Why buy so much?
你怎么买了这么多东西啊？ Nǐ zénme mǎile zhème duō dōngxī a? Why did you buy so many things?
哥哥今天中午回来吃饭。 Gēge jīntiān zhōngwǔ huí lái chī fàn. Our elder brother will come back to have lunch.
让我看看买什么了。羊肉、鸡蛋、面条、西瓜 .... ＝ 真不少！妈妈呢？ Ràng wǒ kànkàn mǎi shénmele. Yángròu, jīdàn, miàntiáo, xīguā ... = Zhēn bù shǎo! Māma ne? Let me see. Mutton, eggs, noodles, watermelon... = That‘s a lot! Where is Mom?
正在准备午饭呢。 Zhèng zài zhǔnbèi wǔfàn ne. She is preparing lunch.
At home
问题： ＝ 你知道男的正在找什么吗？ Wèntí: = Nǐ zhīdào nán de zhèng zài zhǎo shénme ma? Question: = Do you know what the man is looking for?
你在找什么？ Nǐ zài zhǎo shénme? What are you looking for?
你看见我的手机了吗？白色的。 Nǐ kànjiàn wǒ de shǒujī le ma? Báisè de. Have you seen my cell phone? It's white.
别找了，手机在桌子上呢，电脑旁边。 Bié zhǎo le, shǒujī zài zhuōzi shàng ne, diànnǎo pángbiān. Stop looking for your cell phone. It's on the desk, beside the computer.
你看见我的衣服了吗？红色的那件。 Nǐ kànjiàn wǒ de yīfú le ma? Hóngse de nà jiàn. Have you seen my garment? The red one.
那件衣服我帮你洗了，在外边呢。 Nà jiàn yīfú wǒ bāng nǐ xǐle, zài wàibiān ne. I have washed it for you. It's hung outside.
Lesson 4
主题
汉语水平考试熟 Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì shú HSK practice test
Lesson 5
主题
第十一课他比我大三岁。 Dì shíyī kè tā bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. Lesson 11 He is three years older than me.
词语
| 中文 | 拼音 | 英语 | 词类 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 唱歌 | chànggē | to sing | |
| 孩子 | háizi | child, kid | |
| 比 | bǐ | than, (superior or inferior) to | |
| 便宜 | piányi | cheap, inexpensive | |
| 新来的（人） | xīn lái de (rén) | new-comer | |
| 说话 | shuōhuà | to speak/say/talk | |
| 可能 | kěnéng | maybe, perhaps, probably | |
| 一些 | yīxiē | some | |
| 一点儿 | yīdiǎn'er | a little bit | |
| 这些 | zhèxiē | these | |
| 那些 | nàxiē | those |
句子一
In a karaoke bar
问题： Wèntí:
昨天和王方一起唱歌的人是谁？ Zuótiān hé Wáng Fāng yīqǐ chànggē de rén shì shéi?
王方，昨天和你一起唱歌的人是谁？ Wáng Fāng, zuótiān hé nǐ yìqǐ chànggē de rén shì shéi? Wang Fang, who was the guy with you in the Karaoke yesterday?
一个朋友。 Yīge pèngyou. A friend.
什么朋友？是不是男朋友？ Shénme pèngyou? Shì bu shì nánpèngyou? What friend? Boyfriend?
不是不是，我同学介绍的，昨天第一次见。 Bú shì bú shì, wǒ tōngxué jièshào de, zuótiān dì yīcì jiàn. No. My classmate set me up with him. We met only yesterday.
语法一
A Verb(Phrase) Used as an Attributive Modifier
When a verb or verb phrase is used as an attributive modifier, "的" should be put between the modifier and the word modified.
比如 :
| 定语 Attributive Modifier | 的 | 中心语 Word Modified |
|---|---|---|
| 新买 | 的 | 自行车。 |
| 我妈妈做 | 的 | 饭。 |
| 和你一起唱歌 | 的 | 人。 |
句子二
In the dorm
问题： Wèntí:
1.左边看报纸的女孩子是谁？ = 2.她的哥哥二十五岁了，她多大了？ 1.Zuǒbian kàn bàozhǐ de nǚháizi shì shéi? 2.Tā de gēge èrshíwǔ suì le, tā duō dà le?
左边这个看报纸的女孩子是你姐姐吗？ Zuǒbian zhège kàn bàozhǐ de nǚháizi shì nǐ jiějie ma? Is the girl on the left reading a newspaper your elder sister?
是，右边写字的那个人是我哥哥。 Shì, yòubian xiězì de náge rén shì wǒ gēge. Yes. And the guy on the right writing is my elder brother.
你哥哥多大？ Nǐ gēge duō dà? How old is he?
二十五岁，他比我大三岁。 Èrshíwǔ suì, tā bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. 25. He is three years older than me.
语法二
The "比" Sentence
A "比" sentence is a sentence using "比"" to make a comparison. The predicate of the sentence can be an adjective.
比如 :
| A | 比 | B | Adj. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 哥哥 | 比 | 姐姐 | 高。 |
| 今天 | 比 | 昨天 | 热。 |
| （今天的西瓜） | 比 | 昨天 | 便宜。 |
Lesson 6
主题
第十一课他比我大三岁。（二） Dì shíyī kè: tā bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. (èr) Lesson 11: He is three years older than me. (2)
句子
At a store
问题： Wèntí:
昨天的西瓜可能卖多少钱？ Zuótiān de xīguā kěnéng mài duō shǎo qián?
今天的西瓜怎么卖？ Jīntiān de xīguā zěnme mài? What's the price of watermelons today?
三块五一斤。 Sān kuài wǔyī jīn. Three yuan and a half per 500 grams.
比昨天便宜。 Bǐ zuótiān piányí. It's cheaper than the price yesterday.
是，苹果也比昨天便宜一些。 您来点儿吧。 Shì, píngguǒ yě bǐ zuótiān piányí yīxiě. Nǐn lái diǎn ér ba. Yes. The apples are also cheaper. Please have some.
In the school
问题： Wèntí:
王老师是新老师吗？ Wáng lǎoshī shì xīn lǎoshī ma?
前边说话的那个人就是我的汉语老师。 你可能不认识她。 Qiánbiān shuōhuà de nàge rén jiù shì wǒ de hànyǔ lǎoshī. Nǐ kěnéng bù rènshí tā. The woman speaking in front of us is my Chinese teacher. You may not know her.
是新来的汉语老师吗？ Shì xīnláide hànyǔ lǎoshī ma? Is she a new-comer?
是去年来的，她姓王，二十八岁。 Shì qùnián lái de, tā xīng Wáng, èrshíbā suì. She came here last year. Her family name is Wang, 28 years old.
她比我们老师小两岁。 Tā bǐ wǒmen lǎoshī xiǎo liǎng suì. She is two years younger than our teacher.
语法
"A 没有 B …" is negative form of a "比" sentence.
比如 :
| A | 没有 | B | Adj. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 哥哥 | 没有 | 姐姐 | 高。 |
| 今天 | 没有 | 昨天 | 热。 |
| 西瓜 | 没有 | 苹果 | 便宜。 |
The "比" sentence (I)
When describing the difference between things, a specific number is used to specify the difference, "一点儿" or "一些" indicates the difference is slight, and "多" or "很多" indicates the difference is significant.
比如 :
| A | 比 | B | Adj. | Number phrase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 西瓜 | 比 | 苹果 | 贵 | 两块钱。 |
| 我的学习 | 比 | 他 | 好 | 一点儿。 |
| 今天 | 比 | 昨天 | 热 | 得多。 |
| 她 | 比 | 我们老师 | 小 | 两岁。 |
The Auxiliary Verb "可能"
It means "maybe" indicatign an estimation. It can be used before the verb or subject of a sentence.
比如 :
- 他可能早就知道件事情了。
- 可能我明天不来上课了。
- 你可能不认识她。